What is the term for the average number of years a person at a given age is expected to live based on a mortality table?

The term that describes the average number of years a person at a given age is expected to live, based on a mortality table, is life expectancy. This concept is a crucial metric in demographics and public health, representing the statistical average lifespan of individuals within a specific age group, informed by various factors such as health, lifestyle, and mortality rates. Life expectancy is typically influenced by a range of variables including genetics, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare.

In this context, the other terms provided do not directly pertain to the concept of expected lifespan. The law of large numbers relates to statistical principles and probability, particularly in how sample averages converge on the expected value as sample size increases. The life income option refers to a type of financial product or settlement that pays out an income for the life of the policyholder but does not measure lifespan directly. A life annuity is a financial product that provides periodic payments for the lifetime of the insured, which may be based on life expectancy but is not a measure of the average years lived. Thus, life expectancy is the most accurate and relevant term in this context.